The Study Of Imagery In Adrian :: essays research papers

In all the aspects of literature, authors use literary devices to add suspense, depth and significance to their works. This concept is valid in 'Adrian Mole: The Wilderness Years'; by Sue Townsend . The diary-type story revolves around a young adult named Adrian, who constantly goes through the tragedies of life, but finally with some fortunate fate, achieves to live a life in which he cannot 'fail to see the happiness.'; (p 267) Therefore, in order to make the readers laugh at several tragedies of life, Townsend establishes an accurate use of the literary devices of irony, satire and exaggeration to create a humorous plot.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Irony is a significant literary device, which is used many times to achieve a good sense of humor. A perfect example for a use of irony is seen in the description of the psychologist of the main character, Lenora.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   'After all, she was just a psychologist. God ! She wasn't ! Apart from Pandora [his infatuated love] she was probably the loveliest woman I have ever spoken to. I found it hard to take my eyes off her black suede shoes with high heels. ' (p. 35)';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the entrance of Adrian to the psychologist's room, he obviously does not expect much of a physical appearance. However, after he enters the room, ironically, Lenora turns out to be a smashing woman. Another use of irony is present in Adrian's description of his mother in the new year's eve: 'As she slopped wine into a plastic glass for me, I could have a chance to take a close look at her. Her lips were surrounded red, her hair was blonde and glossy. Her cleavage wrinkled and her belly protruded from the little black dress (very little) she wore. The poor woman was forty-seven, and twenty-three years older than her second husband.'; (p. 3) Here, first Mrs. Mole is described as if she is a twenty-year-old girl, but in the end of the description, he reveals her actual age – 47 – which is rather ironic for such an appearance. Last and the most obvious, Adrian's Russia Trip turns out to be ironic: 'Saturday, August 17th: There is no cruise ship. There are no passengers. Each member of our party is paddling their own canoe. I am crouched inside a two-man tent. Outside are swarms of huge, black mosquitoes. They are waiting for me to emerge. With a bit of luck, I will die in my sleep.

Oil/Gas Pipelines: Opportunities and Challenges

Oil has become the most in-demand product in the world. It has become the center of round-table discussions, and never that a single day passed without it being on the news. Decrease in its supply could mean the downfall of nations, especially the industrialized ones. This was evident in three world oil crises in 1973, 1979, and a brief one in 1990, which reversed the flow of money, making the oil-producing countries in the Middle East the vital force that could change the direction of the future of the world. Their cut-offs in production led to the creation of policies and rules on consumption, saving, and independence from oil.A nation, controlling the production, selling, and over-all management of oil, is assured of a significant posting in any field of the world’s lifestyle, but most importantly in politics and economics (Tanter, 2007). To become something like this, a nation should invest in ways on how to transport oil from its sources to its consumers, like the creatio n of networks of pipelines.Research and development projects have been carried out and continuously be done to meet the challenges in connection with oil and gas pipelines. One of these is the continuing drive to discover more oil and gas reserves locked under the earth or offshore. There are still many places in the planet that need to be explored. Even the most extreme environments should be included, like what they did to the North Sea.Designing and manufacturing pipes will still emerge as one of the important factors in the realm of oil and gas pipelines. Through the years, designs have been continuously improved to accommodate several factors like environment, and the nature of oil and gas. Researchers now consider the direct relationship of the size of the diameter of the pipe with the flow capacity of the product. Moreover, they also examine the expansion and contraction of pipes during the transportation of oil and gas due to significant temperature change, which could resul t to cracks, collapse tensions, and other similar effects. Materials will continuously be tested to determine the best for pipes. Though steel is already being used, improvements are still being done to test durability. Stresses and fractures, especially offshore projects, should be accounted for to minimize the percentage of failure. Cathodic protection against corrosion should be upheld to the highest level to assure the survivability of the pipes throughout the project.Terrorism attacks on pipelines will remain one of the most feared human phenomena. This is due to the fact that whenever pipelines are bombed or attacked, industries are affected. With this, countries should strengthen their monitoring schemes to ensure the safety and zero attack on their pipelines.Keeping with the laws of nature and environment also poses great challenge to companies engaged in oil and gas pipelines. Discovery of new sites for extraction will always encounter similar scenario with the trans-Alaska crude pipeline project, which was delayed for nine years, because the construction of pipelines was attached to environmental issues (Kennedy, 1993). Environmentalists will still be around the corner to watch the movements of oil companies.A greater challenge is on the side of politics and regulation. Better policies and laws covering the construction of pipelines, and transportation of oil and gas should be enacted to cover threats and possible failure-causing movements, especially in explorations crossing two different countries. Faster approval of laws should be done to maximize the economic potentials of the discovered oil and gas reserves.The greatest challenge could be the offering of affordable price of pipelined products to consumers. Companies must take note that the advancements they make with pipe designs and manufacturing, and the entire pipeline construction and transportation project, should go at par with the purchasing power of consumers, who are directly affected b y any oil price hike.Since the drilling of the first commercial oil well in 1859 in Pennsylvania, the evolution of pipelines has gone a long way, though remaining as the most economical way (Kennedy, 1993). Oil and gas pipelines are efficient, using only 4% of the energy content of the transported product. This is far better in comparison with other modes of transportation like water, rail, and trucks (Dykesteen & Frantzen, 1991).Higher levels of technology give way for the development of better pipes and more sophisticated pipeline networks. These could yield higher efficiency rate and better service for the people, who basically need the product in their everyday living.The construction of country’s own pipelines could spell independence from importing oil and gas from foreign countries. This could also alleviate problems on oil crisis, and cut-off on importation rate. This could consequently clip the country to economic prosperity because of the removal of the burdens of o il importation.Pipelines transport oil, and natural gas from extracting wells located in the different parts of the globe, including the most hostile areas like Alaska and Siberia. These products are then refined, and prepared for consumption by all citizens in all corners of the world. These products when properly used could continuously fuel the economic progress of any country involved with it.References:CBC News Online. 2006. The price of oil – in context. Retrieved 29 June 2007. http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/oil/.Dykesteen, E & K Frantzen. 1991. Multiphase Fraction Meter Developed and Field Tested. Oil & Gas Journal. 18 February 1991: 50.Kennedy, JL. 1993. Oil And Gas Pipeline Fundamentals. 2nd ed. Oklahoma: PennWell Books.Tanter, R. 2007. Pipeline Politics: Oil, Gas and the US Interest in Afghanistan. Znet. Retrieved 29 June 2007. http://www.zmag.org/tanteroil.htm.Tobin, J. 2006. Additions on the Capacity of the US Natural Gas Pipeline Network: 2005. Energy Informat ion Administration, Office of Oil and Gas. Retrieved 29 June 2007. http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/feature_articles/2006/ngpipeline/ngpipeline.pdf.

A Report Of Bolton Youth Offending Team Social Work Essay Essay Example

A Report Of Bolton Youth Offending Team Social Work Essay Essay Example A Report Of Bolton Youth Offending Team Social Work Essay Essay A Report Of Bolton Youth Offending Team Social Work Essay Essay This is a direction study on how Bolton Youth Offending Team manages alteration and ensures quality young person services within the organisation, the council and the community. Harmonizing to the description provided on its web site, Bolton Youth Offending Team is a authorities administration run by the Bolton Council, and the Management Board of the organisation is drawn from member administrations including Social Services, the Probation Service, Police, Education and Health services. The Bolton Youth Offending Team draws support from an active and effectual voluntary and community sector and provides support, counsel, information and preparation and develops links between voluntary and community organisations and bureaus ( Bolton Youth Offending Team Council web site, 2009 ) . The purposes and aims of the organisation highlighted the fact that Bolton Youth Offending Team believed in greater engagement of community members, particularly parents of immature people and actively supported engagement in community activity and engagement of persons, immature people and communities in procedures that affect our lives. There were nevertheless other aims of the squad and the chief intent of the organisation has been to assist forestall immature people from interrupting the jurisprudence and acquiring into problem with the constabulary and tribunals. The organisation provides support and advice to immature people in detention, in prisons, sentenced by tribunals or victims of offense. Bolton Youth Offending Team is based on the rule that although many immature people are victims or culprits of offense, they should still be provided counsel and support every bit good as advice on how they can be more responsible citizens or how they can avoid similar jobs in the hereafter. When immature people are arrested, the determination devising procedures could impact their lives, it is possible to take positive action even after immature people are arrested and it is of import to value the function of persons involved with Bolton Youth Offending Team. Bolton Youth Offending Team is managed by the Bolton Council and members of the Management Board are from other Council divisions every bit good. Bolton Youth Offending Team emphasizes on equal engagement of all community members and particularly of immature people and their household members and focal points on pulling more and more persons in community development and volunteering. The direction board which comprises of membe rs from member organisations and other Council divisions encourages youth engagement across community degrees. 2.0 Organizational Effectiveness: 2.1 The forces that are determining the work of the administration and its staff Bolton Youth Offending Team and its member organisations from Police, Education etc, usage rules concentrating on authorities policy, professional involvements and community demands to determine the work of the community and its staff. The Bolton Youth Offending Team organizational development squad supports sustainable development of voluntary organisations and community groups as the major focal point of the squad is to develop the groups that work on rules in conformity with Bolton Youth Offending Team. The organisational development squad offers counsel, information, preparation and aid to groups and organisations that could present ends more efficaciously and workers from the squad assist the groups to measure their demands and construct support and develop learning chances. Some of the spouses of the organisation are from other authorities and Council sections such as Social Services, the Probation Service, Police, Education and Health every bit good as bureaus and these organi sations help in supplying the basic direction construction of the organisation ( Bolton Youth Offending Team, 2009 ) . Even the direction system and rules every bit good as the focal point of the organisation are shaped in conformity with the in agreement scheme as there are representatives of these different spouse organisations are involved in determining the basic policies of the organisation that later reflects on other groups. The Bolton Youth Offending Team works closely on Partnerships with bureaus and community groups that bring together public sector bureaus, voluntary and community groups and local concerns and they discuss issues about Bolton ad particularly immature people in Bolton. This is to guarantee enhanced work and partnership among the bureaus and voluntary community groups and local concerns. There are nevertheless other forces that shape any organisation and harmonizing to the rules of direction the five forces of direction include the menace of replacement merchandises and services, the menace of entry of new rivals, the strength of competitory competition, the bargaining power of clients and dickering power of providers ( Porter, 1980 ) . Therefore new rivals, providers, purchasers, new merchandises and competition are basic forces that could impact any sector. However in instance of voluntary sector, the direction rules are based towards cooperation with other new groups or organisation s instead than any signifier of competition. 2.2 Organizational Culture Organizational civilization is the survey of psychological science, attitudes, experiences and moralss or working systems showed or followed by workers within an organisation. The organisational civilization within Bolton Youth Offending Team is characterized by cooperation and coaction as the chief focal point is on offering advice and counsel to immature people and people of related organisations so that ends could be delivered more efficaciously. Workers from the squad could assist measure the demands of the group, particularly those of the immature people and could offer capacity edifice and support and besides develop larning chances for the members or for other community groups and organisations. Bolton Youth Offending Team prepares studies and supervising for immature people involved in offense, young person offense, employment, instruction, direction, commission accomplishments, legal issues, personal development and volunteering ( Bolton Youth Offending Team web site, 2009 ) . Team members besides help with preparation demands analysis, developing chances and other preparation for the organisation. The organisation civilization therefore remains unfastened and supportive with a focal point on leaving cognition. As the organisation draws upon the expertness of board members from several organisations, the organisational civilization is about a corporate attempt to heighten community work and engagement from all positions and Bolton Youth Offending Team provides support and preparation in a comprehensive mode. Organizational civilization could depict a comprehensive scope of services provided by the Bolton Youth Offending Team and the process for supplying these services through teamwork and partnerships with other organisations. Organizational civilization besides directs and provides a method of engagement as the staff and other spouses will hold to promote interaction and advance a civilization of engagement within any organisation. Harmonizing to the rules of direction, organisational civilization should be based on the analysis of the 4Ps of topographic point, merchandise, monetary value, and publicity which signifies where a merchandise or service will be launched, what will be its characteristics, what would be the monetary value that the people will hold to pay to acquire the service or merchandise and how the intelligence of the launch would be propagated through publicity ( Kotler, 2005 ) . This means a proper selling scheme in conformity with the 4Ps will hold to be implemented for any new service or launch of a new unit within the Bolton Youth Offending Team or Bolton council. 2.3 Agreements for staff and beneficiary engagement in the administration. Staff and beneficiary engagement within the Bolton Youth Offending Team occurs through the partnership squad and the squad aims to better the quality and effectivity of voluntary and community groups and their engagement in multi-agency work by doing equal agreements for staff and donees to take part in the execution of all undertakings in a smooth manner. The community groups that work with Bolton Youth Offending Team screen activities of regeneration, community safety, acquisition, policing, instruction and societal attention and partnerships enable groups to stand for positions of members and influence service bringing, determination devising, policy development. The partnerships squad supports and enables multi-agency work relationships to better community work and this has been possible through back uping and propagating webs, forums and promoting voluntary groups to work together ( Mullins, 1999 ) . Representatives are supported as they are provided with new information on new enterprises and working with spouses to set up effectual constructions for community engagement. Smaller groups are besides supported and this includes supplying support to handicapped people and minority cultural communities ( Harris, 1994 ) . Some of the specific activities of the organisation that encourages and promotes beneficiary engagement within any organisation include back uping community and voluntary engagement as in societal attention partnerships ; back uping a web for groups of immature people, back uping minority cultural groups to take part in partnerships ; back uping voluntary community webs, forums and treatments. 2.4 How the administration ensures/promotes anti-oppressive patterns. The Bolton Youth Offending Team promotes diverseness issues and tackles minority jobs by advancing duologue among different groups and particularly supports immature people from different backgrounds. With an extended web with other community organisations, the Bolton Youth Offending Team highlights the importance of understanding young person concerns from all backgrounds and particularly youth engagement among minority groups. There is particular accent to promote equal engagement of all members and the chief aims and ends of Bolton Youth Offending Team are based on counsel irrespective of background supplying chances and counsel to all immature people who may hold got into problem for their offenses. This is stated on their web site as follows: A ; acirc ; ˆ?We back up immature people who are charged by the constabulary and have to look in tribunal We prepare studies for tribunal to help the tribunal to make up ones mind sentences for immature people We work with the tribunals, canvassers and the Crown Prosecutions Service to hold and supply support to immature people granted bond by the tribunals We provide support to immature people who have been remanded by the tribunals We work with and back up immature people who have been sentenced by the tribunals We support immature people who have been sentenced to detention and we support and work with them when they are released from detention A ; acirc ; ˆA? . ( Bolton Youth Offending Team, 2009 ) . This accent suggests that the intent of the organisation has been to promote more engagement among all community members irrespective of their race, ethnicity or faith ( Pollitt, 1993 ) . 3.0: Recommendations for betterments If a recommendation for the betterment of services of the Bolton Youth Offending Team organisation is to be considered, the primary focal point should be managing anti oppressive patterns even more strongly to advance and further societal inclusion and particularly among the immature people of varied cultural backgrounds. The Bolton Youth Offending Team should besides follow a more structured attack to direction of community services and as such should pull its specified five twelvemonth scheme that could assist do young person services even more inclusive and comprehensive. Bolton Youth Offending Team actively supports community engagement of immature people and other members in Bolton community and provides support and preparation for community development and AIDSs in the young person engagement in the community besides developing links between voluntary and community organisations. Most of the voluntary organisations which are non involved in community young person services could besides spread out their scope of preparation and development enterprises with the association of Bolton Youth Offending Team. In footings of direction of the organisation, the organisation has a group of cardinal direction squad that provides practical services and support to voluntary and community groups and some of their services include supplying support, counsel, reding, advice on tribunal affairs, young person offense, offense, anti societal activity, drugs and alcohol addiction imprisonment and mulcts. The squad normally offers aid to voluntary organisations and community groups and includes commissariats of preparation, information Sessionss and counsel for specialist squads and recommendations for development would be to develop more specific schemes that the voluntary community workers could follow. The Bolton Youth Offending Team could advance involvements of the voluntary sector and the community sector and the recommendations could be on doing the services more incorporate and comprehensive. In a recent study on the squad, probation inspectors have found that proper appraisals were non carried out on young person re-offending or ego injury and this has led to new steps being taken by the Council ( Bolton News, 2009 ) . Bolton Council squad which is the parent division of the Bolton Youth Offending Team promotes and supports volunteering activities and offers information and counsel to persons or volunteering organisations so people who want to volunteer and back up organisations affecting voluntaries are supported and provided the right sort of advice and preparation. The Bolton Youth Offending Team could be expanded further and could work with many other local voluntary organisations and all of them could follow a individual direction scheme that would assist the Bolton Youth Offending Team to link different sections and groups as a cohesive force on service for the community. 4.0 Decision Young person and community engagement through the voluntary and authorities organisations, particularly related to offense bar is an of import facet of societal development. The voluntary sector within the UK is particularly strong but young person and community engagement needs to be enhanced through a stronger direction scheme that would do public sector direction easy accessible and applicable in voluntary organisations ( Flynn, 1997 ) . What little public sector organic structures lack at times is a structured scheme for direction and collaborative integrated attempts among many community groups that would be indispensable to the operation of any organisation. Large organisations require many smaller groups that would work as a unit for the same intent and in this instance the intent would be to heighten community work and community youth engagement that could develop how immature people would be more active participants in societal life. The focal point on anti discriminatory po licy is besides of import as is the instance of most voluntary organisations in the UK and anti discriminatory policies that would advance societal inclusion of immature people is among one of the direction ends of all voluntary and authorities supported youth organisations. Sing the diverse scope of population with immature people from assorted cultural backgrounds, it is of import to stress on societal inclusion so that all members of the community could take part every bit in community work and supply their penetrations in societal work.